I suspect that I am being paid pretty well below market rate at my job I've been at for a bit less than a year. But, I don't know how much. I would leave my current job if I got an offer significantly higher elsewhere, but my current job has a ton of flexibility and a great environment, so it would have to be pretty significant. I've thought of interviewing elsewhere but I feel like that's a waste of time (for me and the new employer) if the pay range isn't even in the ball park. None of the ads I'm seeing list a range, and I've tried looking on some salary survey websites but the outcomes are so different that I don't think they are accurate.
I'm new to the for-profit world in this field - I did a similar job at a non-profit for about 5 year and took a pay cut to take this job (non-profit was imploding on itself). I have no other peers or professional contacts in this field.
So, at what point could I ask about salary range at a new job?
Re: When to ask about pay?
You need to let the interviewer bring it up.
But what makes you "suspect" you're underpaid?
Tl;dr - most people don't work out of the goodness of their heart, they do it to earn money to live. Why shouldn't they ask about the money upfront?