Last night was night 3 of sleep training. DD was in her crib and I on her floor. At 6pm, she went down just fine. She took her bottle, fell asleep on my shoulder, and I laid her in her crib. She started to fuss but I patted her back and she went down. Fantastic! Forty-five minutes later, she's up SCREAMING. She always wakes up 45 minutes after she goes down. I have no idea why but she usually takes another 4oz. She might be hungry? I went in, gave her more bottle, swayed her a bit, and laid her back down. She pops back up and screams. I try again to get her sleepier before I lay her down. She pops back up and screams. I decide I'll give her a few minutes to try to calm herself. After 3 minutes, DH asks why she sounds like she's in pain. I go in and try bouncing/swaying her to sleep. She falls asleep, I put her down, she sits up and starts screaming. I lay her down, pat her back, she keeps screaming. I tell her I love her and go back to the living room for a 5 minute interval. She's screaming bloody murder Three minutes in I hear choking. I run into her room and she's puked EVERYWHERE and her face has a bluish tinge. I pick her up and she keeps screaming, puking all over me and her. ::sigh:: I get changed. DH gets her changed. I give her another oz of formula and I bounce/sway her until she's totally asleep. I lay her in the crib and she stays asleep. Now, it's 7:25 so it's been 40 minutes since she woke up.
At 9:45, she starts to wake up so I jump up and pop a bottle in her mouth to dream feed. She takes 4oz and stays asleep. At 12:45, she starts to wake again so I jump up and pop a bottle in her mouth again to dream feed. She takes 5oz and stays asleep. At 1:15, she wakes up completely and starts to cry. I try patting her back. Nope. I sway/bounce her. She goes to sleep. I try to put her back in her crib. She wakes up. I sway/bounce again. She goes to sleep. I try to put her back in her crib. She wakes up. We did this for half an hour. Finally, I laid her on the floor with me and we slept until 4:45.
We made SOME progress in that she slept in her crib for her longest stretch ever, but I did give in for the sake of sleep.

Re: Sleep progress but I gave in
That sounds eerily similar to my DD!
If she falls asleep after crying she ALWAYS wakes after 45 minutes. I have no idea what could possibly help that to disappear. The only thing that will help calm her back to sleep is a bottle. I have literally tried everything else.
Maybe it's the recent full moon but she has been waking every 3 hours at most for a week now.
Need. Caffeine. Pronto.
I'm so sorry! Stay strong! I think the harest part of sleep training was being consistant. We did ferber, and each night before we laid DD down, we reviewed what our intervals were for that night (3-5-7; 5-7-9, 7-9-12, etc). I'd nurse her, lay her down, and immedialty start the timer. I'd lay there and cry too. 2 months later ... she still cries when I lay her down, but uaually for less than 1-2 minutes. Then she ether falls asleep or starts talking to herself until she falls asleep.
We did ferber for bedtime and naps ... I haven't really done it for MOTN yet. She cut out a few wakings on her own. I still get up 2-3 times a night to nurse her.
It's not uncommon for babies to throw up during sleep training. My cousin's DD did the same thing.
I'm not sure if you're doing this ... but one thing ferber suggests is to but them to bed a little later than normal the first few nights of training. Putting them down an hour later, they'll be super cranky, they'll scream bloody murder, but then they are more likely to pass out because they are so tired. We did this and gradually moved her bedtime back to normal time after a few days. However I can totally see this "suggestion" backfiring ... since LO will be overtired.
GL!
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DS used to wake up after the first 30 minutes (and take 30 minute naps). It went away by itself when we sleep trained (luckily), but I got a few suggestions from others before that. I didn't try them, so I can't say they work, but they may be worth a try...
One was to go in just before that 45 minute mark and rub LO's cheek. That helps them reset their sleep cycle before they really wake up.
Another was in No Cry Sleep Solution...I don't know if I remember it 100% correctly, but I think she said to sit outside the door and listen for your LO to start to wake up, then immediately go in and do whatever it is you usually do to get them to sleep in the first place. Sounds like what Cheerilee did with the bottle last night. That might be less helpful if you've already sleep trained to fall asleep totally by themselves.
And Cheerilee, it sounds like you did great. I probably would have thrown in the towel completely at puking. Hoping it gets lots better soon!
Thanks for the support, ladies
  Really and truly, I slept better last night than I have in a long time since I didn't have a baby laying on me.  A friend pointed out that, with the dream feed, DD got six hours STRAIGHT of sleep.  That's a record for her.  DH offered earlier to let me sleep and he'd get up with her.  While it's sweet that he's offering for the first time in, oh, 9 months, I told him I would NOT screw up the consistency I'd started!  
Hopefully, she does as well or better tonight!