It's basically a direct result of action Congress took last year when they passed a bill that limited the amount of debit fees retailers pay. So now banks have to absorb those costs, so BofA is just being direct about passing them on to the consumer.
Another case of unintended consequences by Congress's actions.
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/09/did-congress-kill-the-debit-card/245935/
Re: For those of you irritated about the BofA $5 debit fee
Agreed.