I don't really know for sure, but I'd imagine it will be fine after a good wash out and relanolizing. I don't see why it would affect the fibers to the point they would shrink or not work, but I'm definitely not an expert.
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Re: did I ruin my wool?
I don't know...I know oxyclean says it's not to used on wool but I've never used bacout so I can't tell you for sure. GL!
In the future I'd just set it to soak in a sinkful of water if you can't clean it right away.